托福寫作常用的固定搭配
摘要
你是不是也有這樣的經(jīng)歷:托福寫作練了幾十篇,單詞背了一籮筐,可分?jǐn)?shù)總卡在22分上不去?考官評語里總出現(xiàn)“word choice awkward”“collocation errors”(搭配不當(dāng))?其實(shí),托福寫作拼的不是“難詞量”,而是“地道表達(dá)”——那些 native speaker 張口就來的固定搭配,才是讓句子“活起來”的關(guān)鍵。今天這篇文章,我把自己當(dāng)年從21分提到28分總結(jié)的 6大類核心固定搭配 全部分享出來,每個搭配都附托福高頻話題例句,看完直接能套用,幫你擺脫“中式英語”,讓考官眼前一亮。
一、為什么固定搭配是托福寫作的“隱形加分項(xiàng)”?
先給大家潑盆冷水:托福寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里,“語言運(yùn)用”占比高達(dá)40%,而“固定搭配”正是“語言運(yùn)用”的核心。你用“very important”,native speaker 用“of paramount importance”;你寫“make the environment better”,考官期待的是“contribute to environmental improvement”。
說白了,固定搭配就像“寫作公式”——用對了,句子自然流暢、邏輯清晰;用錯了,哪怕語法沒錯,也會讓考官覺得“這篇文章讀起來很別扭”。我當(dāng)年模考時,獨(dú)立寫作寫“科技對教育的影響”,用了“technology helps students study better”,老師直接批注:“太口語化,換成‘facilitates students' academic performance’會更符合學(xué)術(shù)寫作要求?!?
所以,別再死磕“GRE級難詞”了,把這些高頻搭配吃透,比背100個生僻詞有用10倍。
二、托福寫作6大類“救命級”固定搭配(附高頻話題例句)
1. 論證觀點(diǎn):讓你的論點(diǎn)“站得住腳”
托福獨(dú)立寫作??肌巴馀c否”“利弊分析”,這時候你需要用搭配來“加強(qiáng)論證力度”。記住,別總說“in my opinion”,試試這些:
There is a growing consensus that...(人們普遍認(rèn)為……)
適用場景:引出大眾觀點(diǎn),增強(qiáng)說服力。
例句(教育類):There is a growing consensus that extracurricular activities are as important as academic courses for students' overall development.
A large body of evidence suggests that...(大量證據(jù)表明……)
適用場景:用“數(shù)據(jù)/研究”支撐論點(diǎn),避免空泛。
例句(科技類):A large body of evidence suggests that excessive screen time may impair children's cognitive abilities.
It is undeniable that...(不可否認(rèn)的是……)
適用場景:承認(rèn)對立觀點(diǎn)的合理性,體現(xiàn)辯證思維(托福寫作高分必備)。
例句(社會類):It is undeniable that urbanization has improved living standards, but it has also led to environmental degradation.
2. 對比轉(zhuǎn)折:讓邏輯“不繞彎”
很多同學(xué)寫轉(zhuǎn)折只會用“but”“however”,其實(shí)托福寫作更看重“對比的層次感”。這些搭配能幫你理清邏輯:
On the one hand... On the other hand...(一方面……另一方面……)
適用場景:對比兩個對立觀點(diǎn)或事物的利弊。
例句(工作類):On the one hand, working from home saves commuting time; on the other hand, it may reduce opportunities for face-to-face collaboration.
In contrast to...(與……相反)
適用場景:突出兩個事物的差異,比“but”更正式。
例句(文化類):In contrast to traditional classrooms, online courses allow students to learn at their own pace.
Rather than...(而不是……)
適用場景:否定一個做法,強(qiáng)調(diào)另一個做法,語氣更堅(jiān)決。
例句(環(huán)境類):Governments should invest in renewable energy rather than continue to rely on fossil fuels.
3. 原因結(jié)果:讓論證“有來有回”
托福寫作中,“分析原因”和“推導(dǎo)結(jié)果”是核心任務(wù)。別再用“because”“so”到底了,這些搭配更顯專業(yè):
Stem from...(源于……)
適用場景:分析問題的根本原因,比“because of”更書面化。
例句(社會類):The high unemployment rate stems from a mismatch between education and market demand.
Give rise to...(導(dǎo)致……)
適用場景:描述某個現(xiàn)象引發(fā)的結(jié)果,中性偏負(fù)面。
例句(科技類):The widespread use of social media has given rise to concerns about privacy leaks.
In light of...(鑒于……)
適用場景:基于某個事實(shí)/情況得出結(jié)論,邏輯更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
例句(教育類):In light of the increasing competition in the job market, many students choose to pursue postgraduate studies.
4. 提出建議:讓對策“落地可行”
遇到“問題解決型”題目(如“如何減少環(huán)境污染”),這些搭配能讓你的建議更具體、更有說服力:
Take measures to...(采取措施去……)
適用場景:政府/社會層面的宏觀建議。
例句(環(huán)境類):Local authorities should take measures to limit the number of private cars during rush hours.
Attach importance to...(重視……)
適用場景:強(qiáng)調(diào)某個方面的重要性,呼吁關(guān)注。
例句(教育類):Schools should attach greater importance to cultivating students' practical skills.
Play a role in...(在……中發(fā)揮作用)
適用場景:說明某個主體(個人/組織)的貢獻(xiàn),避免絕對化表達(dá)。
例句(科技類):Individuals can play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions by using public transportation.
5. 總結(jié)升華:讓結(jié)尾“有余味”
結(jié)尾段別再寫“in conclusion”了,試試這些能“拔高立意”的搭配:
In the long run...(從長遠(yuǎn)來看……)
適用場景:強(qiáng)調(diào)某個做法的長期影響,比“finally”更有深度。
例句(發(fā)展類):In the long run, investing in education will lay a solid foundation for a country's economic growth.
All things considered...(總而言之……)
適用場景:總結(jié)前文所有觀點(diǎn),客觀中立。
例句(綜合類):All things considered, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages for personal development.
Serve as a reminder that...(提醒我們……)
適用場景:從現(xiàn)象上升到道理,引發(fā)思考。
例句(文化類):The decline of traditional festivals serves as a reminder that we should preserve our cultural heritage.
6. 綜合寫作專用:快速理清“閱讀vs聽力”關(guān)系
綜合寫作的核心是“概括閱讀和聽力的對立/補(bǔ)充關(guān)系”,這些搭配能幫你“一句話說清邏輯”:
Contradict the claim that...(反駁……的觀點(diǎn))
適用場景:聽力反駁閱讀時用(最高頻!)。
例句:The lecture contradicts the claim in the reading that the new policy will solve the traffic problem.
Provide an alternative explanation for...(為……提供另一種解釋)
適用場景:聽力不直接反駁,而是給出新解釋。
例句:The professor provides an alternative explanation for the extinction of dinosaurs, differing from the theory in the passage.
Support the idea that...(支持……的觀點(diǎn))
適用場景:少數(shù)情況聽力補(bǔ)充閱讀(如閱讀說A有3個好處,聽力補(bǔ)充第4個)。
例句:The lecture supports the idea in the reading that renewable energy is crucial for sustainable development.
三、3個“搭配記憶法”,避免“背了就忘”
很多同學(xué)說:“搭配太多記不住,用的時候還是想不起來!”分享我當(dāng)年親測有效的3個方法:
1. “話題捆綁法”:按托福高頻話題分類記
比如“教育類”話題,就把“extracurricular activities”“academic performance”“practical skills”相關(guān)的搭配整理到一起(像前面例句里的“attach importance to cultivating practical skills”)。考試時看到“教育”題,直接從這個“話題包”里調(diào)搭配,比零散記效率高3倍。
2. “造句強(qiáng)迫法”:每天3句,用熟1個搭配
別只背“英文+中文”,一定要造句!比如今天學(xué)“give rise to”,就用“科技”“環(huán)境”“社會”三個話題各造一句:
科技:The development of AI has given rise to new job opportunities.
環(huán)境:Deforestation gives rise to soil erosion.
社會:Income inequality gives rise to social instability.
造句時想象自己在寫托福作文,強(qiáng)迫大腦“場景化記憶”。
3. “替換檢查法”:寫完作文,用搭配“升級”句子
寫完一篇作文后,通讀一遍,把“very important”換成“of paramount importance”,把“make better”換成“enhance”,把“because”換成“stem from”。剛開始可能慢,但練10篇后,你會條件反射地用高級搭配——我當(dāng)年就是這么從“中式表達(dá)”逆襲到“考官范文級”的。
最后想說
托福寫作提分,從來不是“背難詞”的軍備競賽,而是“用對詞”的精準(zhǔn)打擊。這些固定搭配,都是我從TPO范文、考官評語里一個個摳出來,又在??贾蟹磸?fù)驗(yàn)證過的“高分密碼”。記住,你不需要記住所有搭配,只要把今天這6類里的20個高頻搭配吃透,用熟,寫作分?jǐn)?shù)至少能提3-5分。
現(xiàn)在就拿出你的筆記本,把這些搭配抄下來,按“話題捆綁法”整理好——明天練作文時,試著用3個新搭配,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),句子突然“順”了,邏輯突然“通”了,連自己讀著都覺得“這篇文章能拿高分”。
加油,你背過的每個搭配,都會成為考場上的底氣。
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